Published in Journal of Industrial Engineering and Robotics, Volume 6, Number 3
Written by VLAD Mihaela-Marilena, DOICIN Cristian
Scientific coordinators:
The aim of this research was to gain knowledge about a new product concept - 4D products. 4-dimensional printing uses the same techniques like 3D printing through computer- programmed deposition of material in successive layers to create a three-dimensional object. 4D printing is mainly based on 3D printing and become a branch of additive manufacturing; objects are no longer static and they can be transformed into complex structures. Compared with the static objects created by 3D printing, 4D printing allows a 3D printed structure to change its size, shape, property, and functionality with time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, water, etc., which makes 3D printing alive.
[Read full article] [Citation]